中国近海浮游细菌生物量与生产力的生态分布特点

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	中国近海浮游细菌生物量与生产力的生态分布特点
	肖天
学位类型	博士
	1999
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位专业	海洋生物学
关键词	中国近海蓝细菌异养细菌生物量生产力
摘要	本论文研究了胶洲湾、东海和渤海的蓝细菌（Synechococcus）、生物量、异养细菌生物量和生产力的生态学特点。并在汇泉湾、渤海和东海用分极增减法对海洋蓝细菌在微型食物环（the microbial loop）中的作用进行了初步研究。在以上海区调查研究的时间如下：胶州湾：1993年2月、5月、9月11月，1996年5月、1999年3月、5月和12月。汇泉湾：1996年4月至1998年4月。东海：1997年2-3月，1998年7月。渤海1998年9-10月，1999年4-5月。研究结果如下：胶州湾：蓝细菌生物量的变化范围是11.4-0.03 mgC/m~3，季节变化是夏季>秋季和春季>冬季。其水平分布是除夏季蓝细菌生物量是沿岸浅水区向湾外递减外，其它三季（春、秋和冬季）是由湾外向湾内至沿岸浅水区递减。蓝细菌生物量与海水温度周年变化正相关，与季节海水温度的关系是秋、冬季分布变化一致，春、夏季分布变化相反。海水温度是影响胶州湾蓝细菌生物量分布变化的主要原因。异养细菌生物量和生产力的变化范围分别是29.8-1.62 mgC/m~3; 129.12-1.92 mgC/m~3.d。季节变化都是夏季>秋季、春季>冬季。夏季的异养细菌生物量和生产力水平分布趋势与蓝细菌生物量的分布变化相同。海水温度对异养细菌生产力的影响较对异养细菌生物量的影响大。异养细菌生产力相比（BP:PP）的变化在0.58-0.02之间，季节分布变化是夏季>秋季、春季>冬季。夏季表层的BP:PP由沿岸浅水区向湾心、湾口和湾外递减。东海：蓝细菌生物量的变化范围是46.72-0.011 mgC/m~3，夏季高平均是23.59 mgC/m~3，冬季低平均是3.61 mgC/m~3。冬季蓝细菌生物量的水平分布明显受黑潮的影响，在表面和20米层是由东南向西北方向递减。其垂直分布是冬季表层和20米层>底层，夏季是20米层>表层>底层；在连续站冬111站和410站变化都是中层>底层>表层。异养细菌生物量和生产力的变化范围分别是17.2-4.4 mgC/m~3（1997.2）；376.8-7.2 mgC/m~3.d。异养细菌生产力夏季高平均是35.1 mgC/m~3.d。异养细菌生物量的水平分布是由沿岸向外海递增（1997.2），异养细菌生产力的水平分布是冬季异养细菌生产力在32度断面有由沿岸向外递减趋势，PN断面的变化与冬季相似。垂直分布，冬季和夏季的异养细菌生产力的垂直变化在2断面是底层大于表面，PN断面则是表层大于底层，32度断面大多断站是底层大于表层。在连续站冬季111站异养细菌生产力的变化是底层>中层>表层，409站的变化是中层>底层>表层，夏季111站和410站都是中>底层>表层。异养细菌生物量（1997.2）表层分布变化与海水温度分布变化相似，底层变化相反。异养细菌生产力与初级生产力相比（BP:PP），冬季在0.04-0.30之间，平均为0.17；夏季在0.20-0.43之间平均0.32。冬季在长江口附近BP：PP有一个高值区是0.30，夏季在111站附近有一个高值区是0.43。从连续站111站和409’站观测发现底层的BP：PP明显高于表层。渤海：蓝细菌生物量秋季（16.6-0.37 mgC/m~3）比春季（0.44-0.015 mgC/m~3）高。其秋季的水平分布与海水盐度水平分布相同，与海水温度水平分布相反。异养细菌生产力秋季（189-62.2 mgC/m~3.d）与春季（193.2-49.8 mgC/m~3.d）相当。但秋季捕层BP普遍小于底层，而春季是表层普遍大于底层。根据颗粒分级培养实验结果，海洋蓝图细菌在微型食物环中的作用如下：在汇泉湾的春季和秋季蓝细菌可能主要被小型浮游动物（microzooplankton 20-200 μm）捕食。在渤海的春季和秋季也是同样结果。但在东海夏季的111站和410站附近（东海大陆架中部）微型浮游动物（nanozooplankton 2-20 μm）对蓝细菌的捕食压力明显。
其他摘要	In this paper, the cyanobacterial (Synechococcus) biomass、heterotrophic bacterial biomass and production were investigated in Jiaozhou Bay、Bohai Sea and the East China Sea. The function of cyanobacteria in the microbial food loop was studied in Huiquan Bay、 Bohai Sea and the East China Sea. The investigation time were: Jiaozhou Bay: February, May, September, November, 1993; May, 1996; March, May, December, 1997. Huiquan Bay: From April, 1996 to April, 1998. Bohai Sea: September to October, 1998; April to May, 1999. The main results are: 1. Jiaozhou Bay: The annul cyanobacterial biomass(CB) varied from 11.4 mgC/m~3 to 0.03 mgC/m~3, the seasonal variations of CB were summer>autnme, spring>winter. The CB horizontal distribution pattern was characterized xby a progressive decrease in off-shore direction in summer, but in opposite direction in the other three seasons. The variation of CB was similar to that of Jiaozhou Bay water temperature in the whole year. The CB and water temperature were the same in the horizontal distribution pattern in autumn and winter, and they were opposite in spring and summer. The water temperature is main factor that affects the CB variation. The heterotrophic bacterial biomass and production (BB and BP) were 29.8-1.6mgC/m~3(1997.2) and 129.12-1.92 mgC/m~3.d. Their seasonal variations were summer>autnme, spring>winter. The affection of water temperature was larger on BP than on BB. The heterotrophic bacterial production/the primary production (BP:PP) varied from 0.58 to 0.02, the seasonal order of BP:PP value was summer-autnme, spring>winter. The BP horizontal distribution pattern was characterized by a progressive decrease in off-shore direction in summer. 2. East China Sea: The variations of CB were 46.72-0.011 mgC/m~3, CB was higher in summer (average 23.59 mgC/m~3) than that in winter (average 3.61 mgC/m~3). Kuroshio water affected the CB horizontal distribution in winter. The CB was characterized by a progressive decrease from southeast to northwest on surface and 20m layers. The CB vertical profile was higher on surface and 20m layers than that at bottom in winter, it's 20m>surface>bottom in summer; It was bottom/surface>middle at 111 anchor station and it's middle>bottom>surface at 409' anchor station in winter, it's middle>bottom>surface at 111 and 410 anchor stations in summer. The heterotrophic bacterial biomass and production (BB and BP) were 17.2-4.4 mgC/m~3(1997.2) and 376.8-7.2 mgC/m~3.d. The BP was higher in summer (average 230.4 mgC/m~3.d) than that in winter (35.1 mgC/m~3.d). The BB horizontal distribution was characterized by a progressive increase in off-shore direction from west to east. The BP horizontal distribution were characterized by a progressive decrease in off-shore direction along 32~0 section and from south to north along 2 section in winter, but it showed a progressive increase in off-shore direction along PN section in winter and in summer. The BP vertical profile showed that it was higher on the surface than at the bottom on PN section in winter and summer, but it was opposite on section 2 in winter and summer and on 32~0 section in summer. The order of BP value was bottom>middle>surface at anchor stations 111 in winter, it was middle>bottom>surface at anchor stations 111 and 410.in summer and 409' in winter. The BB distribution was similar to that of the water temperature on the surface and they were opposite at bottom in winter. The BP:PP varied from 0.04 to 0.30 in winter, the average was 0.17. In summer, it varied from 0.20 to 0.43 and the average was 0.32. There were two high values of BP:PP around the Changjiang River estuary in winter and around 111 station in summer. The BP:PP was higher at bottom than that on surface at anchor stations 111 and 409'. 3. Bohai Sea: The CB was higher in autumn (16.6-0.37 mgC/m~3) than in spring (0.44-0.015 mgC/m~3). The horizontal distribution pattern of CB was similar to that of water salinity in autumn, but the CB and the water temperature were opposite in the horizontal distribution pattern. The BP was similar in autumn (189062.2 mgC/m~3 .d) and in spring (193.2-49.8 mgC/m~3.d). The BP was higher at bottom than on surface in autumn but it was opposite in spring. According to the results of the particle grade incubation experiments, the roles of cyanobacteria in the microbial food loop were as following: The microzooplankton grazed on cyanobacteria (Synechococcus spp.) was vigorous in Bohai Sea and Huiquan Bay. While there was the microzooplankton in our experimental water, cyanobacteria of daily growth rates were 0.02-0.28/d (in spring) 、-0.604-0.88/d (in autumn) in Bohai Sea and -0.122-0.180/d in Huiquan Bay (in spring and autumn); without the microzooplankton, the rates were 0.38-0.70/d (in spring)、-0.240-1.003/d (in autumn) in Bohai Sea and 0.133-0.285/d in Huiquan Bay. The nanozooplankton grazed on cyanobacteria was vigorous around 111 and 410 St. in the East China Sea in summer.
页数	130
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/555
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	肖天. 中国近海浮游细菌生物量与生产力的生态分布特点[D]. 中国科学院海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,1999.

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