方斑东风螺工厂化养殖环境因子调控与RAS构建技术研究

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	方斑东风螺工厂化养殖环境因子调控与RAS构建技术研究
	郑纪盟
学位类型	硕士
导师	刘鹰
	2015-05-22
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	环境工程
关键词	方斑东风螺（babylonia Areolata）行为底质光色封闭循环水系统
摘要	方斑东风螺（Babylonia areolata）是我国新兴的一种增养殖贝类。本文在研究方斑东风螺行为学基础上，筛选了适宜方斑东风螺室内工厂化循环水养殖的底质材料，研究了光环境因子对方斑东风螺生长、存活和能量代谢的影响，设计了方斑东风螺循环水养殖系统。研究成果可为方斑东风螺的产业转型和技术提升提供理论依据，进一步促进产业向产出高效、产品安全、资源节约、环境友好的现代农业方向发展。通过观察方斑东风螺摄食、潜沙、附壁、漂浮行为，发现方斑东风螺的嗅觉灵敏，主要靠触角、嗅检器、前足感觉食物方向，依靠吻和齿舌进行摄食。潜沙过程包括准备阶段、潜沙阶段、结束阶段等3个阶段；附壁行为是人工养殖条件下因摄食和逃避不适宜环境产生的行为。稚螺沿壁爬行到水汽界面向下掉落的过程中，经常会受到表面张力和自身浮力的作用而漂浮于水面上游动，该过程也可能是稚螺主动游泳的一种方式，其行为学意义有待探讨。通过研究5种不同底质对方斑东风螺生长、存活和培育水质的影响，发现白色陶粒不适合方斑东风螺的存活，对照组（无底质）不影响方斑东风螺的存活，其他各组之间对存活的影响差异不显著（P>0.05）。棕色陶粒对壳宽和壳高特定生长率的影响显著高于其它各组，对体重特定生长率的影响显著高于白色陶粒和对照组（P<0.05），比自然沙组显著高14 %。对照组的摄食率显著高于贝壳砂和棕色陶粒组，棕色陶粒组的饵料转化效率高于对照组和白色陶粒组（P<0.05）。前期TAN浓度差异不显著（P<0.05）；后期，天然沙和白色陶粒组底质的TAN浓度显著高于其他组。棕色陶粒+贝壳砂组（陶-贝组）的亚硝酸氮浓度显著高于其他组，其他各组在前期差异不显著。COD浓度的变化随着实验的推移呈逐渐上升的趋势，同一时间内各组间差异不显著，都维持在较低的水平。从生长和存活的角度考虑，建议在生产中使用棕色陶粒代替自然沙作为底质。研究了蓝、白、绿、橙、红5种LED光色以及全黑暗条件对方斑东风螺（初始体重:0.25±0.06 g）生长、存活以及能量代谢酶的影响，结果表明不同光色对方斑东风螺的存活差异不显著（P>0.05）。不同光色对体重、壳高、壳宽的特定生长率影响程度依次为蓝光>绿光>白光>红光>黑暗>橙光。光色对方斑东风螺摄食率的影响差异不显著（P>0.05）。蓝光和绿光组的饵料转化效率最高，橙光组最低。不同光色处理对方斑东风螺蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活力有显著性影响（P<0.05）。白光组的蛋白酶活力和脂肪酶活力最高，绿光组的蛋白酶和脂肪酶活力最低。黑暗组的淀粉酶活力最高，绿光组最低。白光、红光和绿光对方斑东风螺乳酸脱氢酶活力的影响显著高于蓝光、橙光和黑暗处理。黑暗条件下的丙酮酸激酶活力最高，其后依次为白光>红光>蓝光>绿光>橙光。绿光组方斑东风螺的己糖激酶活力最强，其后依次为白光、蓝光、红光、橙光，黑暗组的HK活力最弱。建议在室内养殖中采用蓝色和绿色的LED灯作为光源。根据对方斑东风螺生物学特性及行为学等的研究，以及对现有方斑东风螺的养殖模式调研结果，借鉴其他生物（鱼、虾）的循环水养殖系统的设计，尝试构建一套方斑东风螺高密度循环水养殖系统。
其他摘要	Spotted babaylon (Babylonia areolata) is an emerging aquaculture shellfish in China. The appropriate substrate materials for indoor intensive recirculating aquaculture systems was screened for spotted babaylon. The effect of light colors on growth, and survival energy metabolism are also studied. The results of this research can would help to improve the industrial breeding technology of spotted babaylon, and provide efficient, safe product. The feeding, burrowing, climbing and floating behavior of spotted babaylon was studied, and found that spotted babaylon perceived food mainly by antenna, osphradium, front feet, and fed by proboscis. Burrowing process including preparation stage, burrowing stage, and termination stage. Climbing maladaptation unsuitable environment in artificial breeding. The influence of five different bottoms on growth, survival, and cultivate water quality of spotted babylon was studied, and found that white ceramic is not suitable for its survival, and non-substrate does not affect its survival,while the survival between other groups has no significant difference(P > 0.05).Specific growth rate of shell width and height under brown ceramic are significantly higher than the other groups, when specific growth rates of weight are significantly higher than white-ceramic and non-substrate (P<0.05),and 14% higher than natural sand group. Feeding rate under non-substrate is significantly higher than groups of shell sand and brown ceramists (P<0.05); The feed conversion efficiency of brown ceramists group is higher than no bottom and white ceramic (P<0.05). The difference in the TAN concentration is not significant (P < 0.05) at early stage. Later, TAN concentrations of natural sand and white ceramic is significantly higher than other groups. The nitrite nitrogen concentration combined brown ceramist and shell group is significantly higher than that of other groups (P>0.05).Between the other groups have no significant difference in the prophase (P>0.05). The change of COD concentration gradually trend rising with the passage of the experiment, and between each group have no differences (P>0.05), which are maintain in low level. Considering from growth and survival, it is suggested that using brown ceramist in production instead of natural sand as a substrate. The impact of five kinds of LED light including blue, white, green, orange, and red and dark conditions on (initial weight: 0.25±0.06 g) growth, survival, and energy metabolism of B. areolata are studied. The results show that different light colors have no significant difference on survival (P>0.05).Different light color have significant difference on specific growth rate of body weight and shell height, shell width (P>0.05) .The level is blue > green > white > red > dark= orange. The influence of the light color on feeding rate have not significant difference (P> 0.05). The feed conversion efficiency in blue and green group is highest, while the lowest group is orange. Different color have significantly influence on protease, lipase and amylase activity (P< 0.05). White light group has the highest protease activity and lipase vigor, protease and lipase vigor lowest green groups. The amylase activity of the highest dark group, green group are the lowest. LDH activity of White light, red light and green light is significantly higher than blue light, orange light and dark. PK vitality under dark group is the highest, then followed is the white light > red light blue > orange light =green light. HK vitality is strongest in green group, then followed by white, blue, red, orange. HK vitality is weakest in dark group.it is suggested that blue and green light was used as a light source in indoor farming. According to biological characteristics and behavioral research, survey results of existing cultivation mode, lessons from other organisms (fish, shrimp etc), the circulating water aquaculture system was designed, in order to build a set of spotted babylon in high-density circulating water aquaculture system.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/23270
专题	海洋生物技术研发中心
作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
第一作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	郑纪盟. 方斑东风螺工厂化养殖环境因子调控与RAS构建技术研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2015.

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