How the Skate Embryo Develops: A Fine Developmental Timeline of Kong Skate Okamejei kenojei (Muller & Henle, 1841)

doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.831926

IOCAS-IR > 实验海洋生物学重点实验室

	How the Skate Embryo Develops: A Fine Developmental Timeline of Kong Skate Okamejei kenojei (Muller & Henle, 1841)
	Guang, Gao 1,2,3,4; Zhizhong, Xiao 1,2,3; Yuting, Ma 1,2,3,5; Xiao, Chen 1,2,3,6; Yongshuang, Xiao 1,2,3; Jun, Li 1,2,3
	2022-05-18
发表期刊	FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
卷号	9 页码:11
通讯作者	Zhizhong, Xiao([email protected]) ; Jun, Li([email protected])
摘要	Cartilaginous fishes, as an important group of jawed vertebrates, hold great promise for improving our understanding of vertebrate evolution. Previous studies have established a good staging scheme for shark embryos. However, to date, little attention has been paid to the development of skate embryos. In this study, we established a fine developmental timeline for the Kong skate. We hatched eggs of the Kong skate (Okamejei kenojei) at fixed temperatures (16.5 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C) while observing three samples every day and recorded the complete embryonic development. The embryo weight and development time were found to have a quadratic relationship. The weight-at-day curve was fitted by y = 0.0005x(2) - 0.0109x + 0.0882 (R-2 = 0.9406). In addition, complete embryonic development from gastrula to skate larvae took 92 +/- 5 days. Here, we divided the entire development process into 39 stages. This shows that the jaw of O. kenojei is developed from the first pair of pharyngeal arches, and its body disc is formed by the fusion of the pectoral fin and head. The eyespots began to form from stage 36 and then became thicker and bigger until the young skate broke out of the egg. Notably, we found that males and females develop differently from stage 31; the end of the male pelvic fins expands inward, which develop into copulatory organ-claspers, whereas in the females, they do not expand. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to record the embryonic development of eyes, body discs, eyespots, and other organs of O. kenojei in detail. We hope that our work will provide valuable information for researchers to identify specific time points for developing skate embryos.
关键词	skate batoids Okamejei kenojei embryonic stages development
DOI	10.3389/fmars.2022.831926
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	National Key Research and Development Program[2018YFD0901204]; Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)[GML2019ZD0402]; Major Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province[SD2019YY011]; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology[2018SDKJ0502-2]; China Agriculture Research System[CARS-47]; Major Science and Technology for Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects (Shandong)[2019JZZY020710]; STS Project[KFZD-SW-106]; STS Project[ZSSD-019]; STS Project[2017T3017]; STS Project[2019T3022]
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Marine & Freshwater Biology
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Marine & Freshwater Biology
WOS记录号	WOS:000806139900001
出版者	FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
引用统计	被引频次：2[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/179408
专题	实验海洋生物学重点实验室
通讯作者	Zhizhong, Xiao; Jun, Li
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Qingdao, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Ctr Ocean Mega Sci, Shandong Prov Key Lab Expt Marine Biol, Qingdao, Peoples R China 3.Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Marine Biol & Biotechnol, Qingdao, Peoples R China 4.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China 5.Qingdao Agr Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Qingdao, Peoples R China 6.Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Fisheries & Life Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China
第一作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
通讯作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Guang, Gao,Zhizhong, Xiao,Yuting, Ma,et al. How the Skate Embryo Develops: A Fine Developmental Timeline of Kong Skate Okamejei kenojei (Muller & Henle, 1841)[J]. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE,2022,9:11.
APA	Guang, Gao,Zhizhong, Xiao,Yuting, Ma,Xiao, Chen,Yongshuang, Xiao,&Jun, Li.(2022).How the Skate Embryo Develops: A Fine Developmental Timeline of Kong Skate Okamejei kenojei (Muller & Henle, 1841).FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE,9,11.
MLA	Guang, Gao,et al."How the Skate Embryo Develops: A Fine Developmental Timeline of Kong Skate Okamejei kenojei (Muller & Henle, 1841)".FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 9(2022):11.

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