营养盐硅、光和水温对浮游植物生长的影响

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	营养盐硅、光和水温对浮游植物生长的影响
	杨东方
学位类型	博士
	1999
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位专业	海洋生物
关键词	硅酸盐光照时间水温增殖能力胶州湾
摘要	本文主要阐述硅是胶州湾的浮游植物生长的限制因子。根据胶州湾1991年5月至1994年2月的观测数据，分析比较研究该水域主要理化因子（温、光、五项营养盐：NO＿3－N，NO＿2－N，NH＿4－N，SiO＿3－Si，PO＿4－P）与浮游植物的初级生产力时空分布变化之间的关系。发现硅酸盐对初级生产力的特征分布、动态周期和变化趋势有着重要影响；通过初级生产力的变化和硅酸盐的变化以统计学和微分方程为工具建立了相应的有意义的初级生产力－硅酸盐的动态模型和模拟曲线；又从胶州湾的硅酸盐成因和生物地球化学的沉积过程，浮游植物硅藻对营养盐氮、磷、硅吸收的比值分析以及浮游植物的优势种和浮游植物的结构分析，对硅酸盐是胶州湾浮植物的限制因子问题进行初步探讨，认为胶州湾的硅酸盐是浮游植物的初级生产力的限制因子并对具有明显的高营养盐浓度，却有着浮游植物的低生物量的这些海域进行了合理解释。对胶州湾的光照时间、水温进行分析，认为光照时间的变化和周期控制着水温的变化和周期，并建立了相应的有意义的光照时间时滞——水温的动态模型。又通过叶绿素a和初级生产力提出了新概念：浮游植物的增殖能力（比初级生产力）既不同于初级生产力，也不同于碳同化数。它对浮游植物的生长过程进行了定量化的深刻的揭示。对胶州湾的浮游植物的增殖能力的时空分布特征和季节变化特点进行的分析研究。使我们大体知道浮植物生长的动态周期、特征和区域。建立了相应的有意义的水温——增殖能力的动态模型和模拟曲线。认为胶州湾的水温控制着浮游植物的增殖能力的周期性和起伏性。阐述了浮游植物有夏季的单峰型（1回）增殖和春、秋季的双峰型（2回）增殖的机制。并解释了光照时间、水温对初级生产力的影响。
其他摘要	Effects of the ecological factors on phytoplankton biomass and primary production have been the basic topics of marine ecological studies for many years. Yet, there are still lots of controversies need to be clarified in this area especially with regard to situation-specific consideration and from the point of view of long term variation, e.g. the "iron hypothesis" was just proposed recently, and has proved to be powerful in explanation of the "high nutrients and low chlorophyll" phenomena in the equatorial Pacific area. Jioazhou Bay, a small semiclosed bay surrounded by Qingdao, Jioazhou, Jioanan cities, is characterized by relatively high nutrient concentrations and dramatic seasonal and annual variations in biomass and production. The Jiaozhou Bay Ecological Research Station (JERS), Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) has been monitoring the physi-chemical, biological and ecological factors regularly since 1991, and has accumulated a great deal of time series data which can be of great potential value in illustrating the ecological dynamics and its controlling mechanisms. This study was basically designed to address the following two questions by analyzing and modeling the data provided by the JERS: 1) What is the crucial factor limiting the growth of phytoplankton in the Jiaozhou Bay? And 2) How is the basic ecological factor controlling the patterns of phtoplankton biomass seasonal variation/annual cycle and primary production processes? In order to answer the first question, time series data of physi-chemical factors such as temperature, light, NO_3-N, NO_2-N, NH_4-N, SiO_3-Si, PO_4-P and biological parameters including chlorophyll and primary production collected from the Jiaozhou Bay May 1991 through February 1994 were analyzed by statistical methods. The results indicated that among all the chemical factors, silicate is the only one whose correlation with primary production is significant for the whole study period. To simulate the variation of silicate and primary production, a dynamic model was worked out based on the statistical analysis and differential equation. The putout of this model clearly demonstrated the coupling of silicate and primary production. Besides, the ratios of silicate to other nutrients also showed the relative deficiency of silicate. In addition, a case analysis of the dominant species Asterionella japanica C1. In winter demonstrated its relationship with silicate availability. The author, therefore, came to the conclusion that from a large time scale, silicate is the basic limiting factor of primary production in the Jiaozhou Bay. In attemption to answer the second question, two aspects were considered. First, the energy input to the water body, second, the intrinsic production character of the water body ecosystem. For the first aspect, light was considered not only as usual as the energy source for the photosynthesis, but also considered as the source of heat stored in the water body. By putting a two months time lag into the light availability annual cycle, a close coupling of annual cycle patterns of daytime length and water temperature was obtained. Combining the time lag of the effects of light on water temperature and the effect of day length on the photosynthesis, the comprehensive mechanism of physical factors controlling primary production on large spatial and temporal scale was thus better understood.
页数	96
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/925
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨东方. 营养盐硅、光和水温对浮游植物生长的影响[D]. 中国科学院海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,1999.

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