Bioorganic/inorganic hybrid composition of sponge spicules: Matrix of the giant spicules and of the comitalia of the deep sea hexactinellid Monorhaphis

doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2007.10.009

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	Bioorganic/inorganic hybrid composition of sponge spicules: Matrix of the giant spicules and of the comitalia of the deep sea hexactinellid Monorhaphis
	Mueller, Werner E. G.1; Wang, Xiaohong 2; Kropf, Klaus 1; Ushijima, Hiroshi 3; Geurtsen, Werner 4; Eckert, Carsten 1,5; Tahir, Muhammad Nawaz 6; Tremel, Wolfgang 6; Boreiko, Alexandra 1; Schlossmacher, Ute 1,7; Li, Jinhe 7; Schroeder, Heinz C.1
	2008-02-01
发表期刊	JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
ISSN	1047-8477
卷号	161 期号:2 页码:188-203
文章类型	Article
摘要	The giant basal spicules of the siliceous sponges Monorhaphis chuni and Monorhaphis intermedia (Hexactinellida) represent the largest biosilica structures on earth (up to 3 m long). Here we describe the construction (lamellar organization) of these spicules and of the comitalia and highlight their organic matrix in order to understand their mechanical properties. The spicules display three distinct regions built of biosilica: (i) the outer lamellar zone (radius: >300 mu m), (ii) the bulky axial cylinder (radius: <75 mu m), and (iii) the central axial canal (diameter: <2 mu m) with its organic axial filament. The spicules are loosely covered with a collagen net which is regularly perforated by 7-10 mu m large holes; the net can be silicified. The silica layers forming the lamellar zone are approximate to 5 mu m thick; the central axial cylinder appears to be composed of almost solid silica which becomes porous after etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF). Dissolution of a complete spicule discloses its complex structure with distinct lamellae in the outer zone (lamellar coating) and a more resistant central part (axial barrel). Rapidly after the release of the organic coating from the lamellar zone the protein layers disintegrate to form irregular clumps/aggregates. In contrast, the proteinaceous axial barrel, hidden in the siliceous axial cylinder, is set up by rope-like filaments. Biochemical analysis revealed that the (dominant) molecule of the lamellar coating is a 27-kDa protein which displays catalytic, proteolytic activity. High resolution electron microscopic analysis showed that this protein is arranged within the lamellae and stabilizes these surfaces by palisade-like pillars. The mechanical behavior of the spicules was analyzed by a 3-point bending assay, coupled with scanning electron microscopy. The load-extension curve of the spicule shows a biphasic breakage/cracking pattern. The outer lamellar zone cracks in several distinct steps showing high resistance in concert with comparably low elasticity, while the axial cylinder breaks with high elasticity and lower stiffness. The complex bioorganic/inorganic hybrid composition and structure of the Monorhaphis spicules might provide the blueprint for the synthesis of bio-inspired material, with unusual mechanical properties (strength, stiffness) without losing the exceptional properties of optical transmission. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.; The giant basal spicules of the siliceous sponges Monorhaphis chuni and Monorhaphis intermedia (Hexactinellida) represent the largest biosilica structures on earth (up to 3 m long). Here we describe the construction (lamellar organization) of these spicules and of the comitalia and highlight their organic matrix in order to understand their mechanical properties. The spicules display three distinct regions built of biosilica: (i) the outer lamellar zone (radius: >300 mu m), (ii) the bulky axial cylinder (radius: <75 mu m), and (iii) the central axial canal (diameter: <2 mu m) with its organic axial filament. The spicules are loosely covered with a collagen net which is regularly perforated by 7-10 mu m large holes; the net can be silicified. The silica layers forming the lamellar zone are approximate to 5 mu m thick; the central axial cylinder appears to be composed of almost solid silica which becomes porous after etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF). Dissolution of a complete spicule discloses its complex structure with distinct lamellae in the outer zone (lamellar coating) and a more resistant central part (axial barrel). Rapidly after the release of the organic coating from the lamellar zone the protein layers disintegrate to form irregular clumps/aggregates. In contrast, the proteinaceous axial barrel, hidden in the siliceous axial cylinder, is set up by rope-like filaments. Biochemical analysis revealed that the (dominant) molecule of the lamellar coating is a 27-kDa protein which displays catalytic, proteolytic activity. High resolution electron microscopic analysis showed that this protein is arranged within the lamellae and stabilizes these surfaces by palisade-like pillars. The mechanical behavior of the spicules was analyzed by a 3-point bending assay, coupled with scanning electron microscopy. The load-extension curve of the spicule shows a biphasic breakage/cracking pattern. The outer lamellar zone cracks in several distinct steps showing high resistance in concert with comparably low elasticity, while the axial cylinder breaks with high elasticity and lower stiffness. The complex bioorganic/inorganic hybrid composition and structure of the Monorhaphis spicules might provide the blueprint for the synthesis of bio-inspired material, with unusual mechanical properties (strength, stiffness) without losing the exceptional properties of optical transmission. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
关键词	Hybrid Composite Material Sponges Monorhaphis Spicules Elasticity Silicatein
学科领域	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ; Biophysics ; Cell Biology
DOI	10.1016/j.jsb.2007.10.009
URL	查看原文
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000252752500008
引用统计	被引频次：68[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/5570
专题	实验海洋生物学重点实验室
作者单位	1.Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Physiol Chem, Angew Mol Biol Abt, D-55099 Mainz, Germany 2.Natl Res Ctr Geoanal, CHN-100037 Beijing, Peoples R China 3.Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Inst Int Hlth, Dept Dev Med Sci,Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan 4.Univ Washington, Sch Dent, Dept Restorat Dent, Div Operat Dent, Seattle, WA 98195 USA 5.Inst Systemat Zool, Museum Naturkunde, D-10155 Berlin, Germany 6.Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany 7.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, CHN-266071 Qingdao, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Mueller, Werner E. G.,Wang, Xiaohong,Kropf, Klaus,et al. Bioorganic/inorganic hybrid composition of sponge spicules: Matrix of the giant spicules and of the comitalia of the deep sea hexactinellid Monorhaphis[J]. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY,2008,161(2):188-203.
APA	Mueller, Werner E. G..,Wang, Xiaohong.,Kropf, Klaus.,Ushijima, Hiroshi.,Geurtsen, Werner.,...&Schroeder, Heinz C..(2008).Bioorganic/inorganic hybrid composition of sponge spicules: Matrix of the giant spicules and of the comitalia of the deep sea hexactinellid Monorhaphis.JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY,161(2),188-203.
MLA	Mueller, Werner E. G.,et al."Bioorganic/inorganic hybrid composition of sponge spicules: Matrix of the giant spicules and of the comitalia of the deep sea hexactinellid Monorhaphis".JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 161.2(2008):188-203.

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