Effects of temperature, hypoxia, ammonia and nitrate on the bleaching among three coral species

doi:10.1360/04wc0195

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	Effects of temperature, hypoxia, ammonia and nitrate on the bleaching among three coral species
	Zhu, BH ; Wang, GC ; Huang, B ; Tseng, CK
	2004-09-01
发表期刊	CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN
ISSN	1001-6538
卷号	49 期号:18 页码:1923-1928
文章类型	Article
摘要	Coral bleaching, which is defined as the loss of colour in corals due to the loss of their symbiotic algae (commonly called zooxanthellae) or pigments or both, is occurring globally at increasing rates, and its harm becomes more and more serious during these two decades. The significance of these bleaching events to the health of coral reef ecosystems is extreme, as bleached corals exhibited high mortality, reduced fecundity and productivity and increased susceptibility to diseases. This decreased coral fitness is easily to lead to reef degradation and ultimately to the breakdown of the coral reef ecosystems. Recently, the reasons leading to coral bleaching are thought to be as follows: too high or too low temperature, excess ultraviolet exposure, heavy metal pollution, cyanide poison and seasonal cycle. To date there has been little knowledge of whether mariculture can result in coral bleaching and which substance has the worst effect on corals. And no research was conducted on the effect of hypoxia on corals. To address these questions, effects of temperature, hypoxia, ammonia and nitrate on bleaching of three coral species were studied through examination of morphology and the measurement of the number of symbiotic algae of three coral species Acropora nobilis, Palythoa sp. and Alveopora verrilliana. Results showed that increase in temperature and decrease in dissolved oxygen could lead to increasing number of symbiotic algae and more serious bleaching. In addition, the concentration of 0.001 mmol/L ammonia or nitrate could increase significantly the expulsion of the symbiotic algae of the three coral species. Except for Acropora nobilis, the numbers of symbiotic algae of other two corals did not significantly increase with the increasing concentration of ammonia and nitrate. Furthermore, different hosts have different stress susceptibilities on coral bleaching.; Coral bleaching, which is defined as the loss of colour in corals due to the loss of their symbiotic algae (commonly called zooxanthellae) or pigments or both, is occurring globally at increasing rates, and its harm becomes more and more serious during these two decades. The significance of these bleaching events to the health of coral reef ecosystems is extreme, as bleached corals exhibited high mortality, reduced fecundity and productivity and increased susceptibility to diseases. This decreased coral fitness is easily to lead to reef degradation and ultimately to the breakdown of the coral reef ecosystems. Recently, the reasons leading to coral bleaching are thought to be as follows: too high or too low temperature, excess ultraviolet exposure, heavy metal pollution, cyanide poison and seasonal cycle. To date there has been little knowledge of whether mariculture can result in coral bleaching and which substance has the worst effect on corals. And no research was conducted on the effect of hypoxia on corals. To address these questions, effects of temperature, hypoxia, ammonia and nitrate on bleaching of three coral species were studied through examination of morphology and the measurement of the number of symbiotic algae of three coral species Acropora nobilis, Palythoa sp. and Alveopora verrilliana. Results showed that increase in temperature and decrease in dissolved oxygen could lead to increasing number of symbiotic algae and more serious bleaching. In addition, the concentration of 0.001 mmol/L ammonia or nitrate could increase significantly the expulsion of the symbiotic algae of the three coral species. Except for Acropora nobilis, the numbers of symbiotic algae of other two corals did not significantly increase with the increasing concentration of ammonia and nitrate. Furthermore, different hosts have different stress susceptibilities on coral bleaching.
关键词	Acropora Nobilis Palythoa Sp. Alveopora Verrilliana Temperature Hypoxia Ammonia And Nitrate Coral Bleaching
学科领域	Multidisciplinary Sciences
DOI	10.1360/04wc0195
URL	查看原文
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000225416200007
引用统计	被引频次：28[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/3240
专题	实验海洋生物学重点实验室
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Expt Marine Biol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China 3.Hainan Univ, Ocean Coll, Haikou 570228, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhu, BH,Wang, GC,Huang, B,et al. Effects of temperature, hypoxia, ammonia and nitrate on the bleaching among three coral species[J]. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN,2004,49(18):1923-1928.
APA	Zhu, BH,Wang, GC,Huang, B,&Tseng, CK.(2004).Effects of temperature, hypoxia, ammonia and nitrate on the bleaching among three coral species.CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN,49(18),1923-1928.
MLA	Zhu, BH,et al."Effects of temperature, hypoxia, ammonia and nitrate on the bleaching among three coral species".CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN 49.18(2004):1923-1928.

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