转炉钢渣对海洋生态环境影响及碳的生物利用探索研究

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	转炉钢渣对海洋生态环境影响及碳的生物利用探索研究
其他题名	The impact of steelmaking slag on the marine ecology environment and exploration research of carbon by biology
	许刚
学位类型	博士
	2007-06-08
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	海洋研究所
关键词	温室效应转炉钢渣浮游植物紫贻贝日本对虾中国对虾
摘要	利用“铁肥”方法增加海洋初级生产力、吸收大气中的CO2、降低温室效应是目前国际上的一个研究热点。为此，本文利用炼钢企业产生的废料转炉钢渣，系统研究了其对海洋微藻生长的影响，同时研究了转炉钢渣对海水水质及海洋生物的影响，探讨了其作为“铁肥”材料的可行性。本文首先研究了转炉钢渣对海水水质的影响，包括金属、营养盐、pH、COD及浊度等理化参数。研究发现，在天然海水中加入转炉钢渣后营养盐均有不同程度的溶出；实验条件下，在天然海水和人工海水中加入钢渣，金属大部份被吸附，个别金属溶出，但基本都达到了一、二类海水标准，而pH明显增高，大多超过了海水水质三、四级（6.88.8）的范围，COD低于一类海水水质标准。实验结果显示，钢渣粒度越小、浓度越大，水质浊度越大，但钢渣的比重一般较大，在水体中可以较快的沉降，所以在实际应用过程中不会对水体的透明度造成不良影响。研究了转炉钢渣对典型海洋底栖生物（紫贻贝）、海洋游泳生物（日本对虾和中国对虾幼虾）的影响。在实验浓度范围内，钢渣对紫贻贝的急性毒性作用基本可以忽略，但紫贻贝的生长率和摄食率随钢渣浓度的增加有所下降，血细胞个数有所下降，但形态没有显著变化，对紫贻贝的免疫功能没有太大影响。钢渣对日本对虾幼虾的半致死浓度为1.62g/L，对中国对虾幼虾的半致死浓度要高于日本对虾，说明在实验条件下中国对虾幼虾的适应能力高于日本对虾幼虾。另外，重点考察了转炉钢渣对海洋浮游植物－赤潮异弯藻和中肋骨条藻生长的影响，发现加入钢渣以后，相对于对照组微藻生物量显著增加。当钢渣浓度为124248mg/L时赤潮异弯藻的生物量达到最大，当钢渣浓度达到61124mg/L时，中肋骨条藻的生物量最大；钢渣对两种微藻生长的影响规律是相同的，但是影响程度因不同藻种而有所不同，其中对中肋骨条藻的促进作用更加显著，可能与钢渣中能溶出较大量的硅酸盐有关。在室内实验的基础上，初步估算了通过钢渣对微藻生长的促进作用，近海每平方公里海域对二氧化碳吸收的增加量。
其他摘要	It is an international hotspot by using "iron fertilizer" to increase marine primary productivity, absorbing atmospheric CO2 and reducing the greenhouse effect. The feasibility of slag as the "Iron fertilizer" was explored by studying the effect of steelmaking slag on growth of marine microalage, the water quality and marine life. Firstly, the effect of slag on water quality was studied including metals, nutrients, pH, COD and turbidity. It was revealed that the nutrients had different levels of dissolution, the majority of the metals was absorbed except individual metal but basically reached the first or second water standard; pH was found to increase significantly in small closed water and was greater than the water quality of third or fourth (6.88.8); COD was found under the first seawater quality; The turbidity was greater if the slag was smaller and the concentration was greater. But the proportion of slag was generally larger, it can subside faster in water, so in practical application process the transparency of water would not be adversely affected. Secondly, the effect of slag on the marine benthic - Mytilus edulis、the marine bathing life- Penaeus japonicus and Penaeus chinensis. In the range of experimental concentrations, the acute toxicity of slag on Mytilus edulis can be ignored. The growth rate and feeding rate of Mytilus edulis, the number of blood cells was found to be declined with increasing concentrations of slag, but the morphology of blood cell was not significantly changed, so immune function of Mytilus edulis was not impacted obviously. The LC50 of slag on Penaeus japonicus was 1.62g/L, and the LC50 of slag on Penaeus chinensis might be much higher than Penaeus japonicu. Finally, the effect of slag on marine phytoplankton-Heterosigma akashiwo and Skeletonema costatum was studied. Microalgae biomass was found increased significantly compared with the control group by adding slag. It was showed Heterosigma akashiwo biomass got maximum when the concentration of slag was 124248mg/L, Skeletonema costatum biomass got largest when the concentration was 61124mg/L. The effect of slag on two kinds of microalgae was same, but it may be different on different kinds of algae, which, the effect on Skeletonema costatum was promoted more significant. The results showed that steelmaking slag could be used as a material to promote the growth of phytoplankton. The increasing of CO2 absord, which was resulted in the addition steelmaking slag, in 1km2 sea areas was estimated on the basis of the experiment in lab.
页数	85
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/265
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	许刚. 转炉钢渣对海洋生态环境影响及碳的生物利用探索研究[D]. 海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,2007.

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