牙鲆与大黄鱼卵黄囊期发育阶段生化与能量代谢研究

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	牙鲆与大黄鱼卵黄囊期发育阶段生化与能量代谢研究
	张传骞
学位类型	博士
	2001
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位专业	渔业资源
关键词	褐牙鲆大黄鱼卵黄囊期发育阶段生化代谢能量代谢氮熵能源物质
摘要	于1999年5－6月间在实验室内对暖温性底层鱼类褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)和暖水性近底层鱼类大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)进行了自受精卵开始到早期仔鱼的发育生态学实验。褐牙鲆和大黄鱼的培育温度分别为17.4±0.3 ℃和23.2±0.3 ℃，盐度均为31±0.2‰，遮光静养。通过测定其受精卵细胞的干重、湿重、卵黄和油球体积以及细胞发育过程中的耗氧率、氨排泄率、铵离子含量、游离氨基酸、蛋白质、总脂、脂肪酸等参数的变化（大黄鱼仅限于卵黄和油球体积、耗氧率、氨排泄率、铵离子含量、游离氨基酸和蛋白质），分析不同发育阶段的生化代谢和能量代谢特征；结合已有的研究成果，比较鱼类发育能量学的基本规律。结果表明：1．在受精卵分裂和胚体发育中，褐牙鲆和大黄鱼均呈现明显的铵离子累积现象，其间产生的氨一部分排到环境中，另一部分在卵中积累，孵化时随着卵膜的破裂而排出，导致氨排泄率出现一个峰值。2．游离氨基酸是早期发育阶段的一个重要能源物质，分别构成了褐牙鲆能量代谢的35％和大黄鱼能量代谢的28％。此外，在受精卵发育阶段，游离氨基酸还被用来合成蛋白质，所以在受精卵发育阶段，蛋白质非但不减少，还会有明显的增加。3．在孵化前后，伴随着卵膜的破裂和卵周液的流失，干重和蛋白质含量均有明显的减少。4．卵黄囊期仔鱼早期阶段，蛋白质含量略有增加，这说明还有一部分的游离氨基酸被合成了蛋白质。其后，蛋白质含量呈现下降趋势，表明蛋白质也已被用做能源物质。5．褐牙鲆受精卵中最主要的多不饱和脂肪酸是DHA和EPA，二者合计占多不饱和脂肪酸总量的86％。比较油球体和总脂含量的变化特征，不难发现脂肪酸主要是位于油球中。这说明来自油球的脂类是褐牙鲆仔鱼在这个阶段的主要能源物质，来自油球的中性脂肪NL的脂肪酸FA是从孵化到开口这段时间主要的能源物质。磷脂PL的脂肪酸FA只是被很少的利用（为中性脂肪NL的30％）。6．游离氨基酸FAA是褐牙鲆与大黄鱼在受精发育阶段最重要的能源物质，而在孵化后来自油球的中性脂肪NL的脂肪酸NLFA被用做主要能源物质，蛋白质则是在开口之前就用做能源物质，但其作用还不是很大。主要能源物质的转变可以从氮熵NQ的变化看出来，氮熵呈现一种先降低后升高的态势。但就整个早期发育阶段来说，无氮的脂类所起的作用更大一些。分解的主要中性脂肪酸是那些含量最丰富的种类，而与他们的饱和度无关。7．褐牙鲆从卵受精后8小时到仔鱼开口，能够将卵黄消耗的焓的59.7％转化为生长（P），有43.6％因代谢而散失，还有极少部分0.4％因排汇而丢失。有一定的实验误差在里面。8．褐牙鲆是适温较低的暖温性底层鱼类，卵子较小，发育时水温较低，发育较慢；大黄鱼是适温较高的暖水性近底层鱼类，卵子较大，发育时水温较高，发育较快，所以褐牙鲆与大黄鱼在早期发育阶段所采取的能量对策是不一样的。褐牙鲆游离氨基酸占总的能量代谢的35％，而大黄鱼只占28％，相对而言，暖水性鱼类比暖温性鱼类更为依赖脂类，氨基酸所起的作用相对较小一些。9．依据已有研究成果，不难得出：鱼类早期发育过程中主要能源物质变化和能量代谢牲征有物种特异性。对于含一个油球的鱼类来说，基于脂肪的能量代谢是重要的；而对于不含油球的鱼类来说，氨基酸的作用更为重要一些。这些研究对于仔鱼在开口时营养成分的确定及满足、死亡率以及生活史特征具有十分重要的科学价值。
其他摘要	Biochemical and morphological parameters of laboratory-reared developing eggs and larvae of bastard halibut (Paralichthys olivaceus) and large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) were measured for oxygen uptake, ammonia excretion, contents of free amino acids (FAA), fatty acids(FA) and accumulated ammonium, and volume of yolk-sac and oil globule (FA are only measured for bastard halibut). They were acclimated to the filtered sea water at 17.4±0.3 ℃ for bastard halibut and 23.2±0.3 ℃ for large yellow croaker, respectively, but salinity kept at 31±0.2‰. The main results were summarized as following: 1. Both bastard halibut and large yellow croaker had an obvious ammonium cumulation during their egg developmental stage, one of which were excreted to the environment and the others were cumulated in the body. When hatching, the cumulated ammonia were released into the water body with the outburst of the egg membrane, resulted in a peak value in NH_3 concentration excretion. 2. Soon after fertilization both bastard halibut and large yellow croaker consistently displayed a prodigious total free amino acids pool in their germ cell. Combined with the change of yolk volume, it could be concluded that these free amino acids mostly come from the yolk. Free amino acids was an important energy substrate during the early development, constituted 35% the energy metabolism of bastard halibut and 28% of large yellow croaker, respectively. Furthermore, during the egg developmental stage, free amino acids were also used to compound protein displayed an obvious increment. 3. Together with the fracture of the egg membrane and the loss of the egg circumambient fluid, both bastard halibut and large yellow croaker were obviously decreased in dry weight and protein. 4. During the early stage of the yolk-sac larval stage, both slightly increased in protein yielding some of FAA was transferred into protein as an energy substrate. 5. DHA (22:6n-3) and EPA (20:5n-3) were dominated in high-unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in the germ of bastard halibut, accounting for 86% of HUFA. Compared the volume o the oil globule with the total fat content, it has been found that fatty acids mostly lied in the oil globule. After hatching, it could be proved that fatty acids in the oil globule were the most important energy substrate. 6. Free amino acids (FAA) acted as the most important energy sources during the egg developmental stage, and after hatching fatty acids (FA) of neutral lipids in the oil globule was used as the main energy substrate. Before uncorking, protein began to supply energy base to some extent. 7. From post-fertilization (PF) to first feeding, bastard halibut conserved 59.7% of yolk enthalpy for growth, 43.6% was dissipation due to metabolism and only 0.3% was lost due to excretion (59.7 + 43.6 + 0.3 = 103.6). 8. Bastard halibut is warm-temperature demermal fish, its egg is smaller, the developmental temperature is lower, its developmental speed is slower; large yellow croaker is warm-water fish, its egg is larger, the developmental temperature is higher, its developmental speed is faster, so they have different energy strategy. In Bastard halibut free amino acids (FAA) was accounted for 35% of the energy metabolism, but in large yellow croaker, free amino acids (FAA) only 28%. 9. Based on our results and accumulated information, it is concluded that the most important energy sources has species-specialty in fish developmental biology and its bioenergetics and further research on this theme is urgent for interpretation of early life history pattern during recruitment of marine fishes.
页数	50
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/235
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张传骞. 牙鲆与大黄鱼卵黄囊期发育阶段生化与能量代谢研究[D]. 中国科学院海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,2001.

条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小	文献类型	版本类型	开放类型	使用许可
LW005520.pdf（2329KB）			限制开放	--	浏览