Characterization of the Unarmored Dinoflagellate <i>Karlodinium decipiens</i> (Dinophyceae) from Jiaozhou Bay, China

doi:10.3390/d16080449

IOCAS-IR > 实验海洋生物学重点实验室

	*Characterization of the Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium decipiens* (Dinophyceae) from Jiaozhou Bay, China**
	Yao, Jialin 1,2; Fan, Yingyi 1,2; Chen, Qiantong 1,2; Chen, Xinxin 1,2; Deng, Yunyan 3,4; Sun, Yuanyuan5 ; Wang, Jinxiu3,4 ; Hu, Zhangxi1,2,3,4 ; Tang, Ying Zhong 3,4
	2024-08-01
发表期刊	DIVERSITY-BASEL
卷号	16 期号:8 页码:16
通讯作者	Hu, Zhangxi([email protected]) ; Tang, Ying Zhong([email protected])
摘要	The dinoflagellate genus Karlodinium J. Larsen is well known to form harmful algal blooms (HABs), some of which can produce karlotoxins or other ichthyotoxins and thus cause fish-killing events. Among the 16 currently accepted species of Karlodinium (about half of which are reported to be toxic), six species (K. australe, K. decipiens, K. digitatum, K. elegans, K. veneficum, and K. zhouanum) have been reported or described in the coastal waters of China. However, a fine morphological and molecular characterization of the seldom-observed species K. decipiens has not been conducted; moreover, the negative effects of this species on aquatic animals have not been investigated. This work reports the morphological and phylogenetic characterization of a strain of K. decipiens isolated from Jiaozhou Bay, China, in 2019. The characterization of the strain was conducted using light and scanning electron microscopy, LSU, SSU rDNA, and ITS sequences-based systematic analyses, pigment analysis, and a detailed investigation of its potential toxic/harmful activity on aquatic animals. We observed the typical diagnostic features of K. decipiens, including its relatively large size, ellipsoidal or ovoid cell shape, ventral pore, ventral ridge connecting the two displaced ends of the cingulum, cingulum with a displacement of about one-third of the cell length, numerous polyhedral or slightly elongated chloroplasts distributed peripherally, and large nucleus located centrally. However, we also observed a large amphiesmal vesicle at the dorsal end of the ASC at the dorsal epicone, which is a novel feature that has never been reported from any species of the genus. Based on the results of this study, it is not clear whether this feature is a specific structure of the species or a common characteristic of the genus; therefore, this novel feature is worthy of further examination. Fucoxanthin was the most abundant pigment among all the carotenoids detected. The phylogenies inferred using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) techniques confirmed the conspecificity of our isolate with the holotype K. decipiens (accession no. EF469236). In molecular trees, K. decipiens and K. antarcticum form a separate clade from other species of Karlodinium, and it should be examined whether a large amphiesma vesicle may be a characteristic of this clade. The exposure bioassays using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) indicated that K. decipiens exhibited toxicity to zooplankton, with 100% and 68% mortality observed in brine shrimp using live cell cultures and cell culture lysates over 120 h, respectively. Our work provides a detailed morphological and molecular characterization of K. decipiens from China. The results of this study broaden the known geographical distribution of this species and demonstrate it to be a harmful dinoflagellate.
关键词	Karlodinium decipiens apical structure complex molecular phylogeny morphology amphiesmal vesicle toxicity
DOI	10.3390/d16080449
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	Science & Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China; Program for Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Guangdong Ocean University[060302022201]; Undergraduate Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project[S202210566010]; Undergraduate Innovation Team of Guangdong Ocean University[CXTD2023002]; [2018FY100200]
WOS研究方向	Biodiversity & Conservation ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
WOS类目	Biodiversity Conservation ; Ecology
WOS记录号	WOS:001307064900001
出版者	MDPI
WOS关键词	FAMILY KARENIACEAE GYMNODINIALES ; SP-NOV GYMNODINIALES ; LSU RDNA ; PHYLOGENY ; ULTRASTRUCTURE ; VENEFICUM ; DIVERSITY ; TAKAYAMA ; BLOOM ; MAFFT
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/198310
专题	实验海洋生物学重点实验室海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室
通讯作者	Hu, Zhangxi; Tang, Ying Zhong
作者单位	1.Guangdong Ocean Univ, Coll Fisheries, Zhanjiang 524088, Peoples R China 2.Guangdong Lab Marine Ecol Environm Monitoring & Wa, Zhanjiang 524088, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, CAS Key Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China 4.Laoshan Lab, Funct Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao 266237, Peoples R China 5.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, CAS Key Lab Expt Marine Biol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Yao, Jialin,Fan, Yingyi,Chen, Qiantong,et al. Characterization of the Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium decipiens (Dinophyceae) from Jiaozhou Bay, China[J]. DIVERSITY-BASEL,2024,16(8):16.
APA	Yao, Jialin.,Fan, Yingyi.,Chen, Qiantong.,Chen, Xinxin.,Deng, Yunyan.,...&Tang, Ying Zhong.(2024).Characterization of the Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium decipiens (Dinophyceae) from Jiaozhou Bay, China.DIVERSITY-BASEL,16(8),16.
MLA	Yao, Jialin,et al."Characterization of the Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium decipiens (Dinophyceae) from Jiaozhou Bay, China".DIVERSITY-BASEL 16.8(2024):16.