Roles of mixotrophy in blooms of different dinoflagellates: Implications from the growth experiment

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2013.08.003

	Roles of mixotrophy in blooms of different dinoflagellates: Implications from the growth experiment
	Zhang, Qing-Chun 1; Song, Jing-Jing 1,2; Yu, Ren-Cheng1 ; Yan, Tian 1; Wang, Yun-Feng 1; Kong, Fan-Zhou1 ; Zhou, Ming-Jiang 1; Yu, RC
	2013-12-01
发表期刊	HARMFUL ALGAE
ISSN	1568-9883
卷号	30 页码:10-26
文章类型	Article
摘要	Studies over the last two decades suggested that mixotrophy could be an important adaptive strategy for some bloom-forming dinoflagellates. In the coastal waters adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary in the East China Sea, recurrent blooms of dinoflagellates Prorocentrum donghaiense, Karenia mikimotoi and Alexandrium catenella started to appear from the beginning of the 21 century, but roles of mixotrophy in the formation of dinoflagellate blooms were not well understood. In the current study, mixotrophy-based growth of four selected bloom-causative dinoflagellate species, i.e. K. mikimotoi, A. catenella, P. donghaiense and Prorocentrum micans, were studied. Dinoflagellates were co-cultured with different prey organisms, including bacterium Marinobacter sp., microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Hemiselmis virescens, under a variant of nutrient conditions. It was found that growth of dinoflagellate K. mikimotoi was significantly promoted with the presence of prey organisms. Growth of P. donghaiense and P. micans was only slightly improved. For A. catenella, the addition of prey organisms has no effects on the growth, while both of the two prey microalgae I. galbana and H. virescens were killed, probably by allelochemicals released from A. catenella. There was no apparent relationship between nutrient conditions and the mixotrophy-based growth of the tested dinoflagellates. Based on the results of the growth experiment, it is implicated that mixotrophy may play different roles in the growth and bloom of the four dinoflagellate species. It can be an important competitive strategy for K. mikimotoi. For the two Prorocentrum species and A. catenella, however, the role of mixotrophy is much limited. They may depend more on other competitive strategies, such as phototrophy-based growth and allelopathic effect, to prevail in the phytoplankton community and form blooms. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.; Studies over the last two decades suggested that mixotrophy could be an important adaptive strategy for some bloom-forming dinoflagellates. In the coastal waters adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary in the East China Sea, recurrent blooms of dinoflagellates Prorocentrum donghaiense, Karenia mikimotoi and Alexandrium catenella started to appear from the beginning of the 21 century, but roles of mixotrophy in the formation of dinoflagellate blooms were not well understood. In the current study, mixotrophy-based growth of four selected bloom-causative dinoflagellate species, i.e. K. mikimotoi, A. catenella, P. donghaiense and Prorocentrum micans, were studied. Dinoflagellates were co-cultured with different prey organisms, including bacterium Marinobacter sp., microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Hemiselmis virescens, under a variant of nutrient conditions. It was found that growth of dinoflagellate K. mikimotoi was significantly promoted with the presence of prey organisms. Growth of P. donghaiense and P. micans was only slightly improved. For A. catenella, the addition of prey organisms has no effects on the growth, while both of the two prey microalgae I. galbana and H. virescens were killed, probably by allelochemicals released from A. catenella. There was no apparent relationship between nutrient conditions and the mixotrophy-based growth of the tested dinoflagellates. Based on the results of the growth experiment, it is implicated that mixotrophy may play different roles in the growth and bloom of the four dinoflagellate species. It can be an important competitive strategy for K. mikimotoi. For the two Prorocentrum species and A. catenella, however, the role of mixotrophy is much limited. They may depend more on other competitive strategies, such as phototrophy-based growth and allelopathic effect, to prevail in the phytoplankton community and form blooms. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词	Harmful Algal Bloom Mixotrophy Karenia Mikimotoi Alexandrium Catenella Prorocentrum Micans Prorocentrum Donghaiense
学科领域	Marine & Freshwater Biology
DOI	10.1016/j.hal.2013.08.003
URL	查看原文
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS研究方向	Marine & Freshwater Biology
WOS类目	Marine & Freshwater Biology
WOS记录号	WOS:000328098700002
WOS关键词	FRAGILIDIUM SUBGLOBOSUM DINOPHYCEAE ; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY ; PREY CONCENTRATION ; PROROCENTRUM-DONGHAIENSE ; KARLODINIUM-VENEFICUM ; LIGHT-INTENSITY ; GYRODINIUM-GALATHEANUM ; GRAZING RESPONSES ; FEEDING MECHANISM ; ALEXANDRIUM-OSTENFELDII
WOS标题词	Science & Technology ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine
引用统计	被引频次：20[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/16491
专题	海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室
通讯作者	Yu, RC
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
第一作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhang, Qing-Chun,Song, Jing-Jing,Yu, Ren-Cheng,et al. Roles of mixotrophy in blooms of different dinoflagellates: Implications from the growth experiment[J]. HARMFUL ALGAE,2013,30:10-26.
APA	Zhang, Qing-Chun.,Song, Jing-Jing.,Yu, Ren-Cheng.,Yan, Tian.,Wang, Yun-Feng.,...&Yu, RC.(2013).Roles of mixotrophy in blooms of different dinoflagellates: Implications from the growth experiment.HARMFUL ALGAE,30,10-26.
MLA	Zhang, Qing-Chun,et al."Roles of mixotrophy in blooms of different dinoflagellates: Implications from the growth experiment".HARMFUL ALGAE 30(2013):10-26.

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