中华哲水蚤生态学研究与次级生产力的初步探讨

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	中华哲水蚤生态学研究与次级生产力的初步探讨
	王崇江
学位类型	博士
	1998
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位专业	海洋生物学
关键词	渤海中华哲水蚤次级生产力产卵量孵化率
摘要	于1997年6月在渤海中设立5个站，用大空容量采水器进行每隔3小时一次的边续取样，对渤海的浮游动物季节性优势种-中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus Brodsky) 的数量分布、成体的雌雄比例和昼垂直移动节律进行调查，同时对其每日产卵量及生殖节律等进行了现场实验。结果表明，该时间中华哲水蚤在渤海各站的数量分布差异较大，雌性成体的数量超过雄性成体的数量，各站的雌雄比在１.40到１.97之间，桡足幼体与雌性和雄性成体均有昼夜垂直移动现象。中华哲水蚤的雄性成体在各站的平均产卵量为10.5卵／个体／天，处于产卵期的雌性成体日平均产卵量为18.1卵／个体／天，最大产卵量为26卵／个体／天。中华哲水蚤的产卵量有明显的昼夜节律变化，产卵主要在晚21:00到早晨9:00之间进行。根据中华哲水蚤的种群结构和产卵量推算出渤海该时间的生物量为10.882mgＣm~(-3)，瞬时生长率为0.918mgCm~(-3)day~(-1) ，Ｐ／Ｂ比为０.０８４。中华哲水蚤的种群死亡率主要集中在卵和无节幼体阶段。在97年12月和98年３月我们对采自胶州湾近岸的中华哲水蚤的日产卵量和卵孵化率进行室内实验，发现冬季的日产卵量远远低于６月在渤海的实验，培养当天的温度变化对其产卵量有显著影响，温度从７℃升至14℃使其产卵量增大，但随后两天其产卵量有所下降。温度由７℃降至０℃的当天中华哲水蚤不产卵，如果随之再将温度升至７℃，产卵量有所恢复。在开始实验的第一天，加入人工饵料与否对中华哲水蚤的产卵量影响不大。培养温度为７℃时，卵的孵化率为21.5％，升温至14℃时卵的孵化率为39.7％。在GF／Ｆ过滤海水中加入亚心型四片藻作饵料培养中华哲水蚤，其卵的孵化率为12.5％，而以新月菱形藻为饵料时，卵的孵化率为9.9％。在98年３月研究了盐度变化对中华哲水蚤的产卵量和卵孵化率的影响。结果表明，在25.5‰－39.1‰的盐度范围内，中华哲水蚤的产卵量有随盐度增大而减小的趋势，但差异不显蓍。当盐在29.4‰到35.5‰之间时，卵的孵化率基本持平，中华哲水蚤的成体存活良好。当盐度进一步或变小时，卵的孵化率降低，成体的死亡率增大。
其他摘要	During the cruise in June, 1997 in the Bohai Sea, egg production, spawning rhythm, diel vertical migration and population distribution were studied at 5 stations. Samplings were collected with a 30L sampler at 3-hour intervals at each station. The density of C. sinicus was higher in center and Bohai Bay. The adult females outnumbered males with a female to male ratio of 1.40 to 19.7. The adults (both males and females) and the copepodites all showed diel vertical migration. The maxim egg production of spawning females was 26 while the mean number was 18.1 eggs/female/day. The egg laying of C. sinicus showed a diurnal rhythm. Most adult females laid eggs during night. The mean daily production rate at five stations is 0.918mgCm~(-3)day~(-1) and the mean biomass is 10.882mgCm~(-3). Cultivation experiment with C. sincus collected in Jiaozhou Bay were conducted in the laboratory, using various species of algae as food. The change of temperature could affect egg production of C. sincus. The egg prodution turned to be higher when the culture temperature was raised from 7 ℃ to 14 ℃ on the first day. The fecundity decreased during the following days. But no eggs were laid if cluter temperautre was lowed from 7 ℃ to 0 ℃. When temperature was raised back again, the egg productivity of C. S. resumed. Wheather to add food or not didn't affect the egg production of C. S. on the first day. The hatching rate of eggs was 21.55% at 7 ℃ while at 14 ℃ it was 39.7%. The hatching rate of eggs laid by female C. sincus which were cultured in GF/F filtered sea water with Tetraselmis subcordiformis butcher as food was 12.5%. When C. sincus was fed with Nitzschia aequatorialis Heiden, egg hatching rate was 9.9%. Egg production decreased when salinity rose from 25.5‰ to 39.1‰ but the discrepancy was not remarkable. The female of C. sincus could live well and the hatching rates of eggs were almost the same when water salinity was between 29.4 ‰ and 35.5‰. If water salinity varied more from the normal value, mortality rate of adults would rise and hatching rate of eggs would decrease.
页数	48
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/1413
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王崇江. 中华哲水蚤生态学研究与次级生产力的初步探讨[D]. 中国科学院海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,1998.

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