胶州湾百年来沉积环境演变与人类活动影响信息指标的提取

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	胶州湾百年来沉积环境演变与人类活动影响信息指标的提取
其他题名	The Sedimentary Environment Changes of Jiaozhou Bay in Recent Hundred Years and the Information Indicators Extraction of Human Activities Impacts
	戴纪翠
学位类型	博士
	2007-06-02
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	海洋研究所
关键词	氮磷重金属生物地球化学特征人类活动影响沉积环境演变胶州湾沉积物
摘要	本文以人类活动影响下的典型海湾-胶州湾为研究对象，在对典型柱状沉积物精确定年的基础上，剖析了胶州湾百年来沉积环境演变的过程，通过对沉积物中氮、磷、重金属以及生态环境的综合分析，提取了其受人类活动影响的信息指标，获得了一系列新的结果和认识。主要结论如下： 1. 研究揭示了近百年来胶州湾沉积速率具有区域与年际变化明显这一显著特点。通常，湾内的沉积速率较高，而湾口沉积速率变化很大，湾外沉积速率明显低于湾内和湾口；且随着年代的增加，胶州湾的沉积速率呈上升趋势，如1984年左右，B3站位的沉积速率高达1.17 cm/a，而之前仅为0.30 cm/a左右，主要是由于这一时期环胶州湾工农业迅速发展导致人为排入的物质的量增加的结果，但从2000年以来由于沿岸环境治理和污控措施的加强，这种境况已经有所改善，沉积速率有减小趋势。 2. 阐明了胶州湾沉积物氮、磷的生物地球化学特征及生态环境意义，沉积物中可交换态磷、铝磷、铁磷与有机磷在一定程度上表征了磷的生物可利用性部分，而铝磷、铁磷与闭蓄态磷可用于反映沉积物受污染的程度，沉积物中的有机氮（强氧化剂浸取态氮）作为其优势存在形态，可潜在参与水体氮的循环，参与的量与沉积物粒度密切相关，沉积物中的氮可粗略反映水体的生物量。研究显示，无机磷是胶州湾沉积物中磷的主要赋存形态，在湾内、湾口和湾外，分别占到沉积物总磷的44.57% ~ 94.41%(B3)、44.83 % ~ 95.54 % (D4)和55.09% ~ 95.20 % (D7)，铝磷、铁磷与闭蓄态磷与污染程度关系密切，可以作为沉积环境污染程度的指示因子。可交换态磷、铝磷、铁磷与有机磷等四种形态磷与浮游植物的数量和水体中磷酸盐的含量呈正相关，是胶州湾潜在的生物可利用磷。强氧化剂浸取态（SOEF-N，主要为有机氮）是沉积物可转化氮的优势形态，其含量分别为0.070 mg/g（B3）、0.069 mg/g（D4）和0.049 mg/g（D7），且随沉积物的粒度变细，其含量越高。沉积物中不同形态氮与水体中的硝酸盐、浮游植物数量和叶绿素a呈正相关，可粗略反映水体的生物量。 3. 通过系统研究胶州湾沉积物中重金属的地球化学特征，阐明了人为活动对其沉积环境的影响，提出了胶州湾沉积环境演变的“三段论”论点。胶州湾沉积物重金属的富集因子和地质累积指数的研究显示胶州湾沉积物的Cd、Pb和Cu是受人类活动影响较为严重的三种元素，并且重金属在沉积层序的分布特征说明重金属的污染在20世纪70、80年代开始加重，但在本世纪初，这种状况已经得到较大改善。胶州湾的环境演变过程可分为三个阶段，即1980年以前，1980年至2000年左右和2000年后。第一个阶段可以看作是胶州湾环境演变的一个背景值，该段时期内明显的特征是相对较低的沉积速率，较轻的重金属污染和富营养化状况；第二阶段是青岛地区工农业迅猛发展的阶段，加上治污措施和环境保护措施较少，这段时期胶州湾的环境一度恶化，是人类活动影响最为明显的一个阶段；第三个阶段是胶州湾环境质量不断改善的一个阶段，由于各项治污措施的实施，到本世纪初，胶州湾的环境质量较20世纪的最后20年里有了较大的改善。
其他摘要	Jiaozhou Bay is a typical bay under the influence of human activities, in the dissertation, on the basis of precise 210Pb chronology of typical core sediments, the sedimentary environment changes of Jiaozhou Bay in the past hundred years are presented. Through the general analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals in sediments and ecology environment, the information indicators of human impacts are extracted and a series of results and viewpoints are presented. Firstly, the sedimentation rates of Jiaozhou Bay in the recent hundred years are characterized of distinguished spatial and temporal changes. Generally, the sedimentation rates of inner Bay are relatively high, and the sedimentation rates of mouth Bay change greatly. Moreover, the sedimentation rates of outer Bay are lower than that of inner Bay and mouth Bay. On the whole, the sedimentation rates of Jiaozhou Bay have the trend of increase, especially in the recent years. Take B3 station as a example, the sedimentation rates at 1984 or so was up to 1.17 cm/a, however, the sedimentation rates was only 0.30 cm/a before this time, which may be due to the rapid development of agro-industry around Jiaozhou Bay and the population increase of Qingdao City in the recent years. But the coastal environment management and reinforcement of pollution control, the situation has been improved since 2000 and the sedimentation rates decreased slightly. Secondly, the biogeochemical characteristics and ecology environmental significance of nitrogen and phosphorus in Jiaozhou Bay sediments are presented. The Ex-P (exchangeable phosphorus), Al-P (aluminum-bound phosphorus), Fe-P (iron-bound phosphorus) and OP (organic phosphorus) are the main parts of bioavailabile phosphorus in sediments. Al-P, Fe-P and Oc-P can be used to indicate the degree of pollution. The organic nitrogen (SOEF-N) in Jiaozhou Bay sediments are the primary forms and it can take part in the nitrogen cycle of overlying water potentially. And the parts of participating in nitrogen have close relationship with particle size of sediments. Moreover, the nitrogen in sediments can be used to evaluate roughly the biomass of overlying water. The results showed that inorganic phosphorus is the main forms in Jiaozhou Bay sediments. And the percentage were 44.57% ~ 94.41 %( B3), 44.83 % ~ 95.54 % (D4) and 55.09% ~ 95.20 % (D7). Al-P, Fe-P and Oc-P have close relationships with pollution degree and can be used to indicate the sedimentary environment degree. Ex-P, Al-P, Fe-P and OP had positive relation with the phytoplankton abundance and phosphate of overlying water and they are constitution of bioavailabile phosphorus in Jiaozhou Bay. The strong oxidant extractable form (SOEF-N) was primary form of transferable nitrogen in sediments, the contents were 0.070 mg/g（B3）, 0.069 mg/g（D4）and 0.049 mg/g (D7). Moreover, the contents of nitrogen were higher if the grain sizes were smaller. Nitrogen in different grain size sediments had also positive correlations with phytoplankton abundance, chlorophyll-a and NO3- concentrations of overlying water and can be used to evaluate roughly the biomass of overlying water. Thirdly, through the research of the biogeochemical characteristics of heavy metals in Jiaozhou Bay sediments systematically, the human impacts on sedimentary environment are interpreted. The results of enrichment factors and geoaccumulation index showed that Cd, Pb and Cu in Jiaozhou Bay sediments were the impacted heavily by human activities. The distribution characteristics of heavy metals in sediment layers showed that the heavy metals contamination became serious since 1970s and 1980s. However, at the beginning of this century, the condition has been improved. On the whole, the heavy metals pollution in Jiaozhou Bay is not serious. Except some estuaries and coastal areas, the water and sedimentary environment quality are relatively superior. Combined with the results of biogeochemical elements, the viewpoints “Three Stages” of Jiazhou Bay sedimentary environment are put forward, which can define three periods, before 1980s, from 1980s to 2000 and after 2000. The first period is characteristic of relatively low sedimentation rate, weak heavy metal pollution and the eutrophication was not serious. The second period was the time when Qindgao City developed quickly, during the time, Jiaozhou Bay had been subjected to various pollutant sources and led to the serious heavy metal pollution and hypernutriention; moreover, the peak years occurred at the 1990s. Correspondingly, the sedimentation rate has accelerated and the land-derived inputs have become the main source of sediment. The third period was the time when the sedimentary environment has been improved due to the measurements supported by the financial investment to mange the Jiaozhou Bay.
页数	142
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/1203
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	戴纪翠. 胶州湾百年来沉积环境演变与人类活动影响信息指标的提取[D]. 海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,2007.

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