人类活动与自然驱动不同背景下的典型海域 营养盐分布与关键过程研究

	人类活动与自然驱动不同背景下的典型海域营养盐分布与关键过程研究
	袁涌铨
学位类型	博士
导师	俞志明
	2016-05
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	海洋生态学
关键词	营养盐分布与关键过程近岸水域开放水体人类活动自然驱动
摘要	本文从构成生态系统能流和物流基础的N、P、Si营养盐角度出发，分别选取西太平洋典型海域、东海陆架海域和青岛近岸海域作为研究区域，通过现场调查、室内分析、模拟估算相结合的方法，探讨了人类活动和自然驱动不同背景下的典型海域营养盐分布特征和关键过程，取得的主要结果如下：西太平洋典型海域中层低温、高营养盐的PIW水体能够在Ekman pumping和ME涡抽吸作用下涌升至次表层，改变真光层内的营养盐分布和结构，为真光层内微微型浮游植物大量增殖提供了营养盐基础，是影响西太平洋典型海域真光层内限制性营养盐N来源与分布的关键过程。受ENSO循环影响，Ekman pumping和涡抽吸的强度、位置存在年际变化。上述结果将对深入理解自然驱动下寡营养大洋真光层中营养盐的来源与关键控制过程提供依据。东海陆架海域外侧底部存在低温、高盐、高P的HSW水团。在春季，源自KSSW的HSW水团可迁移至50m等深线外侧浙江近岸的次表层水域。沿水团向岸迁移路径建立了基于水动力的箱式模型，并对外海输送营养盐通量进行估算。结果表明，长江径流等陆源输入是影响东海陆架海域N营养盐分布与来源的关键过程；而该海域的P主要来自于外海输送。由黑潮入侵带来的低温、高盐、高P的HSW为春季东海原甲藻藻华提供了适合的温度和营养环境。基于上述结果阐明了人类活动与自然驱动共同影响下东海陆架海域的营养盐分布特征及关键过程，为进一步探讨我国近海生态系统结构、功能变化提供了科学依据。 2000年以来，受近岸人口及生活污水排放量增加等人类活动加剧影响，青岛近岸海域的OJB区域N、P营养盐浓度快速增加，N/P严重失衡，整体呈潜在的P限制特征。受此影响，2000年以后OJB海域有海藻华发生频率增加、影响面积扩大、优势种呈多样化和有毒化趋势。GIS空间分析结果表明，2003年以后，浮山湾等OJB沿岸的浅湾成为青岛近岸海域有害藻华的频发区域。在此基础上，提出了相应的政策性建议，为青岛近岸海域的生态灾害防控提供技术支撑。
其他摘要	Generally speaking, nutrients like nitrogen, phosphate, silicate are the fundamental elements of energy flow and material flow in the eco-system. By using field investigation, indoor analysis and simulation methods, the distribution and key processesses of nutrients in the typical waters of western pacific, continental shelf waters of East China Sea, coastal waters of Qingdao were investigated with the considerations of both anthropogenic impacts and natural influences. The primary results were as follows: In the typical waters of western pacific, the PIW (Pacific Intermediate Waters) which was temperature low, nutrients rich, could be upwelled from the middle layer to the subsurface layer by Ekmam pumping. In ME (Mindanao Eddy) controlled area, such pumping process was enhanced. Consequently, the distribution and structure of nutrients in the euphotic layer of such waters were much preferable for phytoplankton proliferation rather than unupwelled region. The strength and influenced area scale of ME varied in an inter-annual pace which was influenced by ENSO (El Nino and South Osciliation) principally. Such results could be supportable for the transportation mechanism of nutrients with natural influences in the typical oligotrophic euphotic waters. In the Continental Shelf waters of East China Sea (ECS), the HSW (High Salinity waters) locating at the bottom of the outside part of the target area, were argued to be a potential P resources of the Continental Shelf waters of ECS. In this research, HSW was proved originating from the KSSW (Kuroshio Subsurface Water), and could be moved to the subsurface layer along 50m isobaths off the Zhejiang coast in spring. Furthermore, a hydrodynamic based box model was built to calculate the flux of N and P nutrients by HSW along the moving path towards the coast. As a result, the flux of P could be over 4 times than territorial inputs by such transportation. Therefore, P in ECS was influenced mainly by natural processes. Meanwhile, N in such waters was primarily from the territorial inputs, and from Changjiang river discharge mainly, which was believed with a strong relationship with anthropogenic impacts. Moreover, the HSW could be supportable for Prorocentrum donghaiense proliferation in the spring time due to the influence on both P nutrients supply and suitable temperature in the subsurface waters along Zhejiang coast where such species always be dominating during that time. As a whole, both anthropogenic impacts and natural influences were important when considering the distribution of the nutrients and related processes in the Continental Shelf waters of ECS. Meanwhile, such results could be supportable for a better understanding of development of the ecosystem structure and function in the coastal waters of China. In the coastal waters of Qingdao, the N, P nutrients in the area OJB (Out part of Jiaozhou Bay) was proved to be a much rapid increasing than the average level over 2000. Consequently, the N/P ratio in such area became much imbalanced with the normal redfield ratio than before. The OJB became potentially P limited. By the fluctuations of amounts and structure of nutrients, the HABs (Harmful Algal Blooms) became much serious after 2000 in such area, either. The frequency of HABs became higher, the scale of influenced area became larger, the dominating species became much diversified and frequently toxic than before in the OJB. Provided by GIS (Geographic Information System) analysis of HAB occurrences in the coastal waters of Qingdao, the Fushan bay and related shallow bays along OJB became the most crucial area suffering frequently HAB occurrences after 2003, while JB (Jiaozhou Bay) was believed as the main area of HAB occurrences before. According to the results of this research, several suggestions on HABs mitigation in Qingdao coastal waters were presented. Therefore, the results and related methods in this research could be used by the government for a better controlling of ecosystem disasters than before.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/116969
专题	海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室
作者单位	1.中国科学院海洋研究所 2.中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室 3.中国科学院大学 4.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	袁涌铨. 人类活动与自然驱动不同背景下的典型海域营养盐分布与关键过程研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2016.

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