Distribution and air-sea exchange of mercury (Hg) in the Yellow Sea

doi:10.5194/acp-11-2881-2011

	Distribution and air-sea exchange of mercury (Hg) in the Yellow Sea
	Ci, Z. J.1; Zhang, X. S.1; Wang, Z. W.1; Niu, Z. C.1; Diao, X. Y.2; Wang, S. W.2
	2011
发表期刊	ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
ISSN	1680-7316
卷号	11 期号:6 页码:2881-2892
文章类型	Article
摘要	The Yellow Sea, surrounded by East China and the Korea Peninsula, is a potentially important receptor for anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions from East Asia. However, there is little documentation about the distribution and cycle of Hg in this marine system. During the cruise covering the Yellow Sea in July 2010, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM or Hg(0)) in the atmosphere, total Hg (THg), reactive Hg (RHg) and dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM, largely Hg(0)) in the waters were measured aboard the R/V Kexue III. The mean (+/- SD) concentration of GEM over the entire cruise was 2.61 +/- 0.50 ng m(-3) (range: 1.68 to 4.34 ng m(-3)), which were generally higher than other open oceans. The spatial distribution of GEM generally reflected a clear gradient with high levels near the coast of East China and low levels in open waters, suggesting the significant atmospheric Hg outflow from East China. The mean concentration of THg in the surface waters was 1.69 +/- 0.35 ng l(-1) and the RHg accounted for a considerable fraction of THg (RHg: 1.08 +/- 0.28 ng l(-1), %RHg/THg = 63.9%). The mean concentration of DGM in the surface waters was 63.9 +/- 13.7 pg l(-1) and always suggested the supersaturation of Hg(0) in the surface waters with respect to Hg(0) in the atmosphere (the degree of saturation: 7.8 +/- 2.3 with a range of 3.6-14.0). The mean Hg(0) flux at the air-sea interface was estimated to be 18.3 +/- 11.8 ng m(-2) h(-1) based on a two-layer exchange model. The high wind speed and DGM levels induced the extremely high Hg(0) emission rates. Measurements at three stations showed no clear vertical patterns of DGM, RHg and THg in the water column. Overall, the elevated Hg levels in the Yellow Sea compared with other open oceans suggested that the human activity has influenced the oceanic Hg cycle downwind of East Asia.; The Yellow Sea, surrounded by East China and the Korea Peninsula, is a potentially important receptor for anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions from East Asia. However, there is little documentation about the distribution and cycle of Hg in this marine system. During the cruise covering the Yellow Sea in July 2010, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM or Hg(0)) in the atmosphere, total Hg (THg), reactive Hg (RHg) and dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM, largely Hg(0)) in the waters were measured aboard the R/V Kexue III. The mean (+/- SD) concentration of GEM over the entire cruise was 2.61 +/- 0.50 ng m(-3) (range: 1.68 to 4.34 ng m(-3)), which were generally higher than other open oceans. The spatial distribution of GEM generally reflected a clear gradient with high levels near the coast of East China and low levels in open waters, suggesting the significant atmospheric Hg outflow from East China. The mean concentration of THg in the surface waters was 1.69 +/- 0.35 ng l(-1) and the RHg accounted for a considerable fraction of THg (RHg: 1.08 +/- 0.28 ng l(-1), %RHg/THg = 63.9%). The mean concentration of DGM in the surface waters was 63.9 +/- 13.7 pg l(-1) and always suggested the supersaturation of Hg(0) in the surface waters with respect to Hg(0) in the atmosphere (the degree of saturation: 7.8 +/- 2.3 with a range of 3.6-14.0). The mean Hg(0) flux at the air-sea interface was estimated to be 18.3 +/- 11.8 ng m(-2) h(-1) based on a two-layer exchange model. The high wind speed and DGM levels induced the extremely high Hg(0) emission rates. Measurements at three stations showed no clear vertical patterns of DGM, RHg and THg in the water column. Overall, the elevated Hg levels in the Yellow Sea compared with other open oceans suggested that the human activity has influenced the oceanic Hg cycle downwind of East Asia.
学科领域	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
DOI	10.5194/acp-11-2881-2011
URL	查看原文
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000288982300029
引用统计	被引频次：75[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/11659
专题	海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Ecoenvironm Sci Res Ctr, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Beijing, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ci, Z. J.,Zhang, X. S.,Wang, Z. W.,et al. Distribution and air-sea exchange of mercury (Hg) in the Yellow Sea[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2011,11(6):2881-2892.
APA	Ci, Z. J.,Zhang, X. S.,Wang, Z. W.,Niu, Z. C.,Diao, X. Y.,&Wang, S. W..(2011).Distribution and air-sea exchange of mercury (Hg) in the Yellow Sea.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,11(6),2881-2892.
MLA	Ci, Z. J.,et al."Distribution and air-sea exchange of mercury (Hg) in the Yellow Sea".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 11.6(2011):2881-2892.

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