孔石莼主要化学组分的提取分析及多糖生物活性的研究

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	孔石莼主要化学组分的提取分析及多糖生物活性的研究
	王艳梅
学位类型	博士
	2000
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位专业	海洋化学
关键词	孔石莼多糖类脂理化性质降血脂生物活性
摘要	孔石莼（Ulva pertusa Kjellm）是一种大型经济海藻，除了可直接食用外在医药方面也有广泛的应用。在古代医书上便记载有多种药用活性，我国民间也流传用孔石莼治疗中暑、水肿和小便不利等病症。本论文比较全面地分析了孔石莼多糖和类脂等主要化学组合，探讨用红外和核磁光谱来解释多糖结构，并首次研究了孔石莼多糖的体外抗肿瘤的体内降血脂活性。为进一步开发孔石莼资源做了部分基础性的工作。通过对提取扎石莼多糖和类脂的方法研究，确定了两种主要组仇的提取方法，得到了多糖样品WPS、APS、DWPS、DAPS和类脂样品。用化学和仪器分析方法对多糖样品进行了水分、灰分、硫酸基含量、总糖含量、特性粘度、元素分析、单糖分析、氨基酸分析、红外和核磁光谱分析等。结果表明：用乙醇脱脂后的脱脂孔石莼水提物（DWPS）得率最高，含硫酸基量和总糖量最高，特性粘度最小；孔石莼水提物（WPS）得率和含硫酸基量次之；孔石莼碱提物（APS）因深解性不好未能按常规方法测定其总糖含量，且未检测出水解硫酸根。孔石莼多糖的单糖要有鼠李糖、葡萄糖、木糖、糖醛酸等，并检测到少量的甘露糖和阿拉伯糖。谷氨酸、天冬西氨酸是多糖样品蛋白质中的主要氨基酸，D－3－OH－半胱氨酸含量亦较高。IR谱图中出现了硫酸基的吸收峰：~H－NMR及~(13)C－NMR谱图中出现了鼠李糖和糖醛酸的特征峰。类脂样品中，非极性类脂与极性类脂的比例约为1：2；GC－MS 分析结果表明，不饱和脂质含量达61.37％，其中多不饱和脂类占44.17％，n-3系列高度不饱和脂类占39.90％。三个多糖样品WPS、DWPS、DAPS进行抗口腔上皮癌（KB）和肝癌（Bel）肿瘤细胞体外实验，结果表明在5μg/ml的剂量时三个样品抑制率均在10％以下，无明显活性表现。以烟酸肌醇为阳性对照药，蒸馏水为空白对照，对孔石莼水提多糖WPS进行了三个剂量的降血脂动物实验。实验结果表明：脂蛋白改善情况有明显的剂量依赖性；中高剂量组可显著降低胆固醇、甘油酸三脂，明显改善脂蛋白胆固醇的含量分布：高剂量样品组（500mg/kg·d~(-1)）的药用活笥最高，与相同剂量的阳性对照药烟酸肌醇结果相比，药效理佳。并对孔石莼多糖血脂的机理进行了讨论。
其他摘要	Ulva pertusa is an edible macroalgae of Chlorophyta. Several ancient medical books recorded that Ulva pertusa has many traditional active properties such as against heatstroke, hydropsy and so on. The polysaccharides and lipids are analyzed comprehensively by chemical and instrumental methods. The polysaccharides structure is conjectured by IR&NMR spectra tentatively. The cytotoxicity in vitro and pharmaceutical activity against hyperlipaemia in vivo are screened firstly. Two polysaccharide samples WPS and APS are extracted by hot water and diluted alkali from dry algae, Other two samples DWPS and DAPS are obtained from defatted algae with the same method; Lipids are lixiviated by ethanol from dry material. Compared with WPS, the yield of DWPS is increased. Among the ulvans, sulfate content, total sugar content of DWPS is the highest and the intrinsic viscosity is the lowest; Sulfate content of WPS is the second. Total sugar of APS cannot be determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method because it cannot be dissolved absolutely in distilled water; sulfate content of APS is not detected by chemical method. All of the polysaccharide samples are mainly composed of rhamnose, glucose, xylose and uronic acid. Small quantities of mannose and arabose are also detected, but the residues' ratio is different among samples. The analytical result of amino acid shows that glutamic and aspartic acids are the main protein compositions of all the ulvans. D-3-OH-Cysteine is rich in ulvans relatively. The characteristic peaks assigned to rhamnose and uronic acid residues appear on all NMR spectra. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the main compositions of fatty acids, whose content reaches 44.17% among which n-3 PUFAs' content is 39.90%. WPS, DWPS, DAPS which contain high sulfate don't show active properties against KB and Kel tumor cell in vitro. WPS has significant bioactivities against the mice's hyperlipaemia. The result revealed that middle and high dose of WPS can lower the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and increase HDL-C/TC in serum; High dose group also can enhance HDL-C content significantly; Activities of WPS on LDL-C、HDL-C、HDL-C/TC are dose-dependent. Active effect of WPS high dose group is very similar to the positive control group in same dose.
页数	62
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/1051
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王艳梅. 孔石莼主要化学组分的提取分析及多糖生物活性的研究[D]. 中国科学院海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,2000.

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